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    Standard Library Standard Library Standard Library

    Containers

    Sequence Containers

    array<T,size>

    standard library sequence container 'array

    fixed-size contiguous array

    vector<T>

    standard library sequence container 'vector

    dynamic contiguous array; amortized O(1) growth;
    C++'s default container

    deque<T>

    standard library sequence container 'deque

    double-ended queue; fast insert/erase at both ends

    list<T>

    standard library sequence container 'list

    doubly-linked list; O(1) insert, erase & splicing; in practice often slower than vector

    forward_list<T>

    standard library sequence container 'forward_list

    singly-linked list; O(1) insert, erase & splicing; needs less memory than list; in practice often slower than vector

    string

    standard library 'string

    dynamic character sequence

    Associative Containers

    set<Key>

    stores unique keys; sorted by keys

    standard library associative container 'set

    map<Key,Value>

    stores unique key→value-pairs; sorted by keys

    standard library associative container 'map

    unordered_set<Key>

    stores unique keys; hashed by keys

    standard library associative container 'unordered_set

    unordered_map<Key,Value>

    stores unique key→value-pairs; hashed by keys

    standard library associative container 'unordered_map

    Containers that allow non-unique keys:
    • multiset
    • multimap
    • unordered_multiset
    • unordered_multimap

    Special Containers

    pair<A,B>

    contains 2 values of same or different type

    standard library special container 'pair
    tuple<A,B,C,…>

    contains many values of same or different type

    standard library special container 'tuple
    optional<T>

    contains either one value of type T or no value

    standard library special container 'optional
    variant<A,B,C,…>

    contains one value of either type A or type B or type C, …

    standard library special container 'variant
    any

    contains one value of any

    standard library special container 'any

    Views C++17

    Contiguous Sequence Views

    • lightweight (= cheap to copy, can be passed by value)
    • non-owning (= not responsible for allocating or deleting memory)
    span C++20

    view of a contiguous sequence

    string_view C++17

    view of a string-like character sequence

    Composable Range Views C++20

    Introduction to Range Views
    standard library range views overview sheet with visual examples

    Algorithms

    Introductory Articles

    Usage Examples by Category

    standard library algorithms overview sheet with visual examples for many algorithms

    I/O

    Iterators

    examples: iterators in C++

    Related …

    Last updated: 2023-02-19